Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
2
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Laboratory Medicine Department, Applied Medical Science, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
5
Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals, and Institutes (GOTHI), Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Egypt.
6
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt.
7
Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr, Egypt.
Abstract
Background Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the over-the-counter analgesic antipyretic drugs. It is associated with hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in overdose. Spirulina, and Butylated hydroxytoluene are valuable antioxidants. Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor with protective effects in some hepatic and renal injury models. Aim This study aims to evaluate the ameliorative effect of spirulina, BHT, and cilostazol against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Material and Methods fifty-four adult male Wistar rats were classified into 9 equal groups: I (Control group), II (Paracetamol group), III (Spirulina group), IV (BHT group), V (Cilostazol group), VI (Paracetamol + Spirulina preventive group), VII (Paracetamol + BHT preventive group), VIII (Paracetamol + Spirulina + BHT preventive group) and IX (Paracetamol + Cilostazol treatment group). Blood samples were collected at the end of the study and rats were then sacrificed and livers & kidneys were handled for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. Results Paracetamol overdose persuaded a significant elevation in serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT& ALP), urea, and creatinine levels. Also, it induced a significant elevation in serum MDA with a substantial decrease of hepatic GST, SOD in the liver, and catalase in the kidney. It also increased the expression of MAPK, JNK, IL8, NF-κB1, BAX & immunohistochemical P53. The administration of spirulina, BHT, and cilostazol with paracetamol significantly improves these previous parameters, implying that hepatic and renal tissues were sheltered from paracetamol’s hazardous effects. Conclusion spirulina, BHT and cilostazol administration ameliorated Paracetamol hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.
Keywords
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