THE EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE ROLE OF GARLIC EXTRACT AND VITAMIN C AGAINST SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF CYPERMETHRIN INSETICIDES ON THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS OF ADULT ALBINO RATS

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Departmen, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

2 Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

3 Pathology, Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

Abstract

Introduction: Cypermethrin toxicity has been a subject of extensive studies because of its world widespread distribution. The major source of cypermethrin in the human body is through intake of food and water. Aim of the Work: This work was performed to study the protective role of garlic extract and vitamins C on the toxic effects of cypermethrin on the liver and kidneys of adult albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 126 adult albino rats for 12 weeks and gavaged 6 days / weeks. The rats were divided into 7 groups each of 18 rats; Group I (control group), Group II (garlic extract group): each rat was gavaged orally with 500 mg/kg vitamin C dissolved in (1 ml) distilled water once daily and Group III (vitamin C group): each rat was gavaged orally with 20 mg/kg vitamin C dissolved in (1 ml) distilled water once daily. Group IV (cypermethrin group): Each rat was gavaged orally with 32.5 mg/kg in (1 ml) distilled water once daily. Group V (Cypermethrin and garlic extract group): Each rat was gavaged orally with in the previous dose once daily. Group VI (Cypermethrin and vitamin C group): Each rat was gavaged orally with cypermethrin and vitamin C in the previous doses once daily. Group VII (Cypermethrin, vitamin C and garlic extract group): Each rat was gavaged orally with cypermethrin, garlic extract and vitamin C in the previous doses. Results: there was a significant increase in the mean values of AST, ALT, ALP, urea and creatinine in cypermethrin treated group when compared with control group (I). Upon supplementation with garlic extract or vitamin C alone or combined to cypermethrin treated rats there was a significant decrease in the mean values of AST, ALT, ALP, urea and creatinine, when compared with cypermethrin treated group. Microscopic examination of cyperrmethrin treated groups of liver revealed vaculated hepatocytes, focal necrosis, and aggregates of inflammatory cells, dilated congested central vein, enlarged portal tract with dilated congested blood vessels and bile duct proliferation, areas of hemorrhage and disturbed hepatic lobular architecture. Microscopic examination of cypermethrin treated groups of kidneys revealed congestion and hemorrhage; dilated tortuous tubules lined by vaculated epithelium and destructed renal corpuscles with wide Bowman's space. Immunohistochemical examination for detection of BAX protein in hepatic and renal tissues showed strong positive brown reaction in cypermethrin treated group when compared with control group (I) showed negative reaction. Upon supplementation with garlic extract or vitamin C alone or combined to cypermethrin treated rats there was a significant improvement with moderate to faint brown reaction respectively. Conclusion: Cypermethrin toxicity induced liver and kidneys damage in adult albino rats, and concomitant administration of either garlic extract or vitamin C or both was efficient in protecting liver and renal tissues. Recommendation: it is recommended to increase public awareness regarding the health impact of cypermethrin and the protective role of garlic extract or vitamins C on its toxicities.

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